Editor-in-Chief Hatice Kübra Elçioğlu Vice Editors Levent Kabasakal Esra Tatar Online ISSN 2630-6344 Publisher Marmara University Frequency Bimonthly (Six issues / year) Abbreviation J.Res.Pharm. Former Name Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal
Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2011 , Vol 15 , Num 2
Turkish folk medicinal plants, X: Ürgüp (Nevşehir)
Ertan Tuzlacı, İsmail Şenkardeş
Marmara Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmasötik Botanik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye DOI : 10.12991/201115432

Summary

Bu çalışma Ürgüp (Nevşehir) yöresinde geleneksel olarak kullanılan halk ilacı bitkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma esnasında yöredeki toplam 24 yerleşim merkezinin (20 köy dahil) hepsine gidilmiş ve Haziran 2009-Haziran 2010 tarihleri arasında mayıs, haziran ve temmuz aylarında toplam 32 gün süren arazi çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Halk ilacı olarak kullanılan bitkilerden örnekler toplanmış ve bu bitkilerin yöresel adları, yararlanılan kısımları, tedavi edici etkileri, bitkisel halk ilaçları ile tedavi edilen hastalıklar ve sağlık sorunları, ilacın hazırlanış ve uygulanış yöntemi, dozu, uygulama süresi hakkında bilgiler derlenmiştir. Toplanan bu örnekler Marmara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Herbaryumu' nda (MARE) bulunmaktadır. 116 bitki örneğinin teşhisi sonucunda 67 türden geleneksel halk ilacı olarak yararlanıldığı saptanmıştır. Bunlardan da 52' si yabanî, 15' i ise kültür bitkisidir. Bu bitkiler ve bunların tedavideki kullanılışları metin içinde tablo halinde sunulmuştur. Ürgüp yöresinde kaydedilen bitkilerden en çok şeker hastalığı, kalp-damar hastalıkları, öksürük, yara, astım, mide hastalıkları ve yüksek kolesterol tedavisinde yararlanılmaktadır.

Introduction

Pharmaceutical ethnobotany constitutes one of the most important subjects and components of ethnobotany. It is also one of the main scopes of our department and the results of our studies on the folk medicinal plants used traditionally, were presented in our previous papers and books[1-15].

This study on the plants used as traditional folk medicine, was done in Ürgüp (Nevşehir) in which there was no previous research and record in this subject.

Ürgüp is one of the most popular places all over the world mainly by its famous fairy chimneys and ancient churches carved into rocks (Figure 1-3).


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 1: Fairy Chimneys


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 2: Fairy Chimneys


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 3: Ancient church curved into rock

Ürgüp is located between 38'24°-38'45° north latitudes and 34'47°-35'08° east longitudes at the south part of Middle Kızılırmak basin in the Middle Anatolia. Ürgüp has 574 km2 area surrounded by İncesu (Kayseri) from the east, city of Nevşehir from the west, Avanos (Nevşehir) from the north, Derinkuyu (Nevşehir) from the southwest and Yeşilhisar (Kayseri) from the southeast (Figure 4). Kızılırmak River located at the north of Ürgüp, is the lowest place (930 m) and Hodul Dağı located at the southeast of Ürgüp, is the highest place (1936 m) of the district[16].


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 4: Map of Ürgüp

According to the “Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands”[17] and our collections, 132 taxa (including 25 endemics to Turkey) were recorded in Ürgüp until now and among them the Irano- Turanian elements are dominant in the area.

The vegetation of Ürgüp district has a steppic character in many places (Figure 5, 6) and it consists of mainly herbaceous plants, low shrubs and small population of trees. Popler and willow are some of the attractive trees particularly along the streams in the area.


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 5: A view from the vegetation of Ürgüp


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 6: A view from the vegetation of Ürgüp

Mainly cultivated plants of Ürgüp are as follows: apricot, walnut, mulberry, apple, cherry, quince and lime.

The agriculture of grape (Figure 7), potato and wheat have an importance in economy of Ürgüp besides tourism.


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 7: Vineyards

Methods

This study is carried out according to our previous local studies[3-11,12,14].

The materials of this study are the plant specimens which were collected in the field works have been done between June 2009-June 2010 in may, june and july lasting for 32 days in total. During the field works all the settlements (total 24, including 20 villages) were visited (Figure 8-11). They are listed below with a reference number of the record place of the local information.


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 8: Başdere Beldesi


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 9: Çökek


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 10: Sarıhıdır


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 11: Sofular

1. Ürgüp (centre), 2. Başdere Beldesi, 3. Mustafapaşa Beldesi, 4. Ortahisar Beldesi, 5. Akköy, 6. Ayvalı, 7. Bahçeli, 8. Boyalı, 9. Cemil, 10. Çökek, 11. Demirtaş, 12. İbrahimpaşa, 13. İltaş, 14. Karacaören, 15. Karain, 16. Karakaya, 17. Karlık, 18. Mazı, 19. Sarıhıdır, 20. Sofular, 21. Şahinefendi, 22. Taşkınpaşa, 23. Ulaşlı, 24. Yeşilöz

The plant specimens of this study (collected by İ. Şenkardeş), are kept in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University (MARE).

For the identification of the plants, “Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands”[17], “Flora Europaea”[18] and our herbarium (MARE) were mainly used.

The information, including local names, plant part(s) used, therapeutic effects, diseases and ailments treated, method of preparation and administration, dosage, duration of the treatment have been obtained from local healers, experienced adults and patients by personel interviews.

All the photographs represented in this study were taken by İ.Şenkardeş.

Results

In Ürgüp, 116 plant specimens used as a traditional folk medicine, have been collected and at the end of the identification of these specimens 67 species have been determined to be used as a remedy. These plants which were arranged in an alphabetical order of their botanical names are presented in Table 1. Among them 52 species are wild and 15 species are cultivated plants (marked with asterisk).

TABLE 1: Folk Medicinal Plants of Ürgüp (Nevşehir - TURKEY)

TABLE 1: (Continued)

TABLE 1: (Continued)

TABLE 1: (Continued)

TABLE 1: (Continued)

There are 8 endemics (Anthemis fumariifolia, Astragalus lycius, Lycium anatolicum, Onopordum anatolicum, Onosma isauricum, Phlomis armeniaca, Salvia cryptantha, Verbascum vulcanium) which were used in the treatment (Figure 12-15).


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 12: Anthemis fumariifolia


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 13: Astragalus lycius


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 14: Lycium anatolicum


Click Here to Zoom
FIGURE 15: Verbascum vulcanicum

The folk medicinal plants are mostly used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cough, wound, asthma, stomach diseases and high cholesterol.

In Ürgüp district Thymus sipyleus subsp. rosulans, Euphorbia macroclada, Rosa canina, Salvia cryptantha, Viburnum opulus, Anthemis fumariifolia, Anthemis tinctoria var. tinctoria, Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna, Crataegus szovitsii, Cydonia oblonga, Juglans regia, Mentha x piperita, Parietaria judaica, Tribulus terrestris are the most popular plants used in the treatment of many ailments.

Astragalus lycius and Medicago rigidula var. rigidula are used only in a mixture (including Anthemis fumariifolia, Astragalus lycius, Medicago rigidula var. rigidula, Salvia cryptantha, Thymus sipyleus subsp. rosulans) while Anthemis fumariifolia, Salvia cryptantha and Thymus sipyleus subsp. rosulans are used both solitary and in mixture.

Juglans regia, Parietaria judaica and Viscum album subsp. album are used not only in human, but also used in animal (cattle, hen) treatment.

Infusion and decoction are the methods mostly used for the preparations of the folk remedies as seen in many localities in Turkey.

Some cautions were also recorded from patients and healers. According to their information, the following plants can be harmful and dangerous: over dosing with Amygdalus communis, Amygdalus orientalis and Euphorbia macroclada, extended duration of treatment with Clematis orientalis.

According to a comparison with the other ethnobotanical studies[19-23] which were made around Nevşehir in the Middle Anatolia (Table 2), 31 of 67 species (used in Ürgüp) are the same in six localities. Usages of the 3 species are similar in three localities, usages of the 17 species are similar in two localities. In addition, there is no plant which has same usage in all the localities.

TABLE 2: The comparison of the same folk medicinal plants in Ürgüp (Nevşehir), Aladağlar (Niğde), Çiçekdağı (Kırşehir), Nizip (Aksaray), Pınarbaşı (Kayseri), Yahyalı (Kayseri) (≠: different medicinal usage of the plant, —: plants not recorded)

As a conclusion, the folk medicinal plants of Ürgüp and traditional knowledge on these plants were recorded by this research. In this way, a local culture on the folk medicinal plants has been transfered to future generations. This study is also a primary information for the researches which will be done on health.

Reference

1) Tuzlacı E. Honaz Dağı' nın tıbbî bitkileri. Biyoloji Dergisi 1977; 27 (1): 9-12.

2) Tuzlacı E. Türkiye' de bitkilerin yöresel kullanılışları (I). Mar Üniv Ecz Der 1985; 1 (1-2): 101-106.

3) Yazıcıoğlu A, Tuzlacı E. Folk medicinal plants of Trabzon (Turkey). Fitoterapia 1996; 67 (4): 307-318.

4) Tuzlacı E, Erol MK. Turkish folk medicinal plants. Part II: Eğirdir (Isparta). Fitoterapia 1999; 70: 593-610.

5) Tuzlacı E, Tolon E. Turkish folk medicinal plants, part III: Şile (Istanbul). Fitoterapia 2000; 71: 673-685.

6) Tuzlacı E, Eryaşar Aymaz P. Turkish folk medicinal plants, Part IV: Gönen (Balıkesir). Fitoterapia 2001; 72: 323-343.

7) Tuzlacı E, Alparslan DF. Turkish folk medicinal plants, Part V: Babaeski (Kırklareli). J Fac Pharm Istanbul 2007; 39: 11-23.

8) Tuzlacı E, Sadıkoğlu E. Turkish folk medicinal plants, Part VI: Koçarlı (Aydın). J Fac Pharm Istanbul 2007; 39: 25-37.

9) Tuzlacı E, Emre Bulut G. Turkish folk medicinal plants, Part VII: Ezine (Çanakkale). J Fac Pharm Istanbul 2007; 39: 39-51.

10) Tuzlacı E, Alparslan İşbilen DF, Bulut G. Turkish folk medicinal plants, VIII: Lalapaşa (Edirne). Marmara Pharm J 2010; 14 (1): 47-52.

11) Tuzlacı E, Doğan A. Turkish folk medicinal plants, IX: Ovacık (Tunceli). Marmara Pharm J 2010; 14 (3): 1-7.

12) Tuzlacı E. Bodrum' da Bitkiler ve Yaşam. İstanbul. 2005.

13) Tuzlacı E. ‘Şifa Niyetine' Türkiye' nin Bitkisel Halk İlaçları. Alfa Yayınları. 2006.

14) Bulut G, Tuzlacı E. Bozcaada' nın Çiçekleri ve Yararlı Bitkileri. İstanbul. 2009.

15) Bulut G. Folk medicinal plants of Silivri (İstanbul, Turkey). Marmara Pharm J 2011; 15 (1): 25-29.

16) http://www.urgup.gov.tr (Access date: 15 January 2010).

17) Davis PH. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 1-9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. 1965- 1985.

18) Tutin TG. et al. Flora Europaea, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 2001.

19) Vural M, Karavelioğulları FA, Polat H. Çiçekdağı (Kırşehir) ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 1997; 4 (1): 117-124.

20) Bağcı Y. Aladağlar (Yahyalı, Kayseri) ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2000; 7(1): 89-94.

21) Özdemir E. Niğde Aladağlar' ın Batısında Etnobotanik Bir Araştırma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul. (Danışman: Prof. Dr. Kerim Alpınar). 2005.

22) Özkan AM, Koyuncu M. Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Pınarbaşı Area (Kayseri-Turkey). Turkish J Pharm Sci 2005; 2 (2): 63-82.

23) Öztürk M, Dinç M. Nizip (Aksaray) Bölgesinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri. Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 2005; 12 (1): 93-102.

Marmara University